Eye Supervision Academy

  Black eye is the appearance of brusing around the eye. What causes a black eye? Blood vessels burst causing blood to pool in that area.  It causes due to trauma to the head or face. Small blood vessels or capillaries leak blood into the surrounding tissue. It can be an indicator of skull fracture. It causes black and blue color of bruises around the eyes to fade.  Shaken baby syndrome Broken nose Concussion Factor II deficiency Epidural hematoma  Diagnosing the cause of black eye If you suspect a skull fracture, immediately consult a doctor. You will be referred to a neurosurgeon for a possible head surgeon, Refer an ENT specialist for suspected fractures of the face. Your doctor will test your vision by shining light in your eyes.  If swelling and pain accompanies, apply a cold compress for 20 minutes. For pain and throbbing,take pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen.

Night blindness is also known as Nyctalopia is the inability to see well at night or in poorly lit areas. It is usually a symptom of an existing underlying problem, associated with the retina, or the eye's lens. It presents itself when the cells of your retina, which allows a person to see in dim light, are affected, due to an underlying cause.  Causes of night blindness  Nearsightedness Glaucoma Cataracts Diabetes Retinitis pigmentosa, Vitamin A deficiency, and Keratoconus, to name a few.  Types of night blindness Stationary night blindness Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) with normal-appearing fundus CSNB with abnormal-looking fundus Fundus albipunctatus Oguchi's disease Mizzou's phenomenon The retina exhibits yellow sheen with light exposure, which becomes normal with prolonged dark adaptation. Progressive night blindness Retinal dystrophies Gyrate atrophy Choroideremia Goldmann-Favre disease Treatment of night blindness Treat the underlying cause: This tre...

 The retina is the inside layer of the eye. It's part of the AR that's most important for transmitting light into vision.  Diabetes affects essentially blood vessels in the eye and the rest of the body and it affects blood vessels in essentially two ways:  One way is it causes blood vessels to close down and blood vessels normally carry blood to various parts of the body and when the blood vessels closed down the eye as the rest of the body responds to that by creating new blood vessels and new blood vessels in the majority of the body are a good thing in that circumstance but in the eye, they are not such a good thing because there's new blood vessels over friable and more likely to bleed and the eye needs clarity in the middle to allow light to transmit to it.  The second way that it affects the blood vessels is it causes the blood vessels to leak and leaking from the blood vessels can damage the retina which as I mentioned that the inside part of the eye that's re...

  What it is? Trachoma is an infectious eye disease caused by a type of bacteria called chlamydia trachomatis . It is the leading infectious cause of blindness. There are several types of this bacteria causing different diseases. Trachoma is caused by types A B and C other types cause other diseases such as chlamydia and lymphoma Aloma venereum .  Causes The bacteria are spread from person to person through the eye nose and throat secretions of people who are infected.  It can spread directly from person to person or through an intermediary such as towels or washcloths contaminated with secretions, flies can also play a role in spreading the infection.  Trachoma occurs more commonly in young children.  It is also more common in women because of their greater contact with children.  Let's have a look at how bacteria cause disease.   These bacteria infect the conjunctiva.  The conjunctiva is the lining that covers and protects the front of the eye a...

 What does it mean to have "good hands"? Hands are simply an instrument that we use to do the things that we do in sport. When a sportsperson makes a spectacular catch with one hand, it is his visual system that knew exactly when the ball would be where the ball was going to go so that he could use that hand to stop his flight and secure it to his body to make the catch and score the touchdown.  What does it mean, "a game of inches"? If you could mentally picture in most sports like in baseball field, the difference between when a ball is hit by a bat and the trajectory the tiniest little difference between when the ball hits it and the amount of spin it induces how far it goes that tiniest little bit of difference is a routine fly ball that's an out versus a home run versus a frozen rope or a line drive that hits the ground and keeps the game going in a positive way for the offense.  How are athletes using guided imagery to improve their performance? Keeping sp...

Are coatings on glasses worth it? ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATING, AR, or Non-Glare It's a really good idea for indoor use, such as in front of computer screens. It's gonna help considerably in terms of eye strain and eye fatigue. If you are gonna use these at night it's going to be fantastic at cutting the halos around headlights just giving you better optics. Overall it helps to cut glare bouncing off of the lens which means you're getting more of that light that you need to see actually making it to your eyes. A  fantastic idea for your clear lenses and your transitions lenses is almost an absolute must if we're talking about sunglasses, it's a really good idea on the backside of the lens because it helps to minimize glare and reflections bouncing off the backside overall this is a really good lens feature to include in your glasses.  SCRATCH-RESISTANT COATING One of the primary concerns with prescription lenses is are these going to scratch?  These are scratch-proof...

What is it?    LASIK is a surgical procedure intended to reduce a person's dependency on glasses or contact lenses.  The term LASIK stands for laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis and is a procedure that permanently changes the shape of the cornea which is the clear covering over the front of the eye.   Because the lasering is done on the eyeball itself, it's described as " in situ ", or " on-site ." Its complete name is " laser in-situ keratomileusis " but you probably know it as LASIK . Essentially, this technique carves a patient's contact lens prescription onto their cornea. Like any surgical procedure,  LASIK comes with certain risks.               How does LASIK surgery actually work ?   LASIK is an outpatient surgical procedure that requires about 15 minutes per eye.                               Before the procedure:  Y...

  Who uses Polarized Lenses? Polarized lenses are a great option protecting your eyes for anyone who spends time outdoors.   Polarized lenses help reduce glare when doing high-glare activities groundwater or snow. It provides additional clarity while protecting our eyes.   Your eyes need protection just like protecting your skin.     Polarized lens Progressive lenses are a good choice for significant outdoor users   Advantages of Polarized Lenses Schedule your eye test Reduced eyestrain Reduced glare and reflection Clearer vision, especially in bright light  increased contrast and minimal color distortion. The polarized coating darkens the lens and isn't available for regular reading glasses.  Polarized lenses provide superior glare protection, especially on water Disadvantages of Polarized Lenses Lowlight situations and flying at night Looking at LCD screens Flying People with sensitive sight might face difficulty with how the lenses change ...

What does dilation do? Most patients' vision at distance does not change from being dilated.  Dilation relaxes your accommodative muscles in the iris so that your pupil opens up, it's just like opening the window so that your doctor can see all the structures in the back of the eye.  However, if you are farsighted and your focusing system tends to over engage even for your distance vision it is possible to have your prescription kind of come out a little bit when you're dilated.  There are patients who have difficulty seeing at a distance when they are dilated. But for the most part, most patients are able to drive themselves.  Dilating Eye Drops  Paralyze muscle that makes pupil smaller stimulate muscle that makes iris (colored part of eye widen) keep pupil from adjusting to focus (accomodation) Dilating eye drops may be used for reasons other than eye exams. For instance, your ophthalmologist will need to dilate your eyes to perform some types of eye surgery.I...

  A solar eclipse can cook your eyes What happens to our eyes when we see towards the sun?  The light receptors at the back of the eye and what we call the retina, have these structures that absorb the light and turn it into an electrical signal that goes to the brain. When you have got a very very bright light source like the sun. There's so much of this light energy pouring in there, that it overwhelms the mechanisms that are converting that light. This in turn causes a nasty chemical reaction in your eye. What light your photoreceptors can't handle goes on to hit a layer in the back of your eye that absorbs that light and turns it into heat. It can actually raise the temperature so that at the cellular level you're actually getting a generation of steam inside the cell which literally cooks it from the inside. Stare at the sun long enough and your eyes are in trouble. So is looking at an eclipse any worse?  No . The sun is no brighter or stronger and it's certainly n...

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness for people over 60 years old. Eye doctors sometimes call it the sneak thief of vision.  What is it? Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve, this nerve is responsible for sending visual messages from your eye to your brain. Glaucoma usually happens when the fluid in your eye does not drain as it should. Fluid gradually builds up and increases pressure in your eye that pressure is what damages the optic nerve.    Fig 1.2: Normal anatomy and Glaucoma Photo Credit: MAYO foundation for medical education and research Fig 1.1: Glaucoma What is the cause of glaucoma? In the healthy eye, fluid called aqueous humor is made in the front of the eye and flows out through a tiny drain called the  trabecular meshwork . The trabecular meshwork is located in an area called the  drainage angle.  I f the fluid doesn't flow out of the drainage angle properly, eye pressure increases and damages the optic nerve. There are seve...

  What is it?   A complete, partial, or ocular opacity, of one or more eyes, causing blindness or an opacity impairing vision is known as a cataract. Formation of cataracts Photo Credit: Wellish Vision Institute Symptoms   Cloudy or Blurred Vision Glare Poor Night Vision Causing loss of vision due to clouding of the eye lens.  C olors may not appear as bright as before.        There are 4 different types of cataracts     Why you shouldn't ignore cataracts Photo Credit: Benjamin Optical Eye Centre 1 .  Age-related cataracts :   The greatest risk factor is age. Most cataracts are related to aging.                                        As you get older, you may notice vision changes with aging.  You are at higher risk of age-related eye diseases and conditions.    Other risk factors are: Smoking Obesity Family Histor...

Vision therapy is a series of exercises designed to improve the functioning and efficiency of a visual system. We start with exercises that are simple and fairly easy and then gradually progress to a more challenging and complicated task. Each vision therapy program is individually tailored to meet the needs of the patient. vision therapy can be used to treat conditions like convergence insufficiency e, strabismus( eye turn in or out), amblyopia ( lazy eye) and oculomotor dysfunction(eye-tracking problem). also, so many children diagnosed with ADHD, learning disabilities, autism, and dyslexia have functional vision problems that interfere with learning and can benefit from proper vision treatment. Now American Association for  pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus categorizes vision therapy into: “Orthoptic vision therapy ” so-called by optometrists are a series of exercises usually weekly over several months performed in the optometric office. Orthoptic eye exercises (orthoptics)...